speech on Jallianwala bagh
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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Jallianwala also spelled Jallianwalla, also called Massacre of Amritsar, incident on April 13, 1919, in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in an open space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in the Punjab region (now in Punjab state) of India, killing several hundred people and wounding many hundreds more. It marked a turning point in India’s modern history, in that it left a permanent scar on Indo-British relations and was the prelude to Mohandaswas (Mahatma) Gandhi’s full commitment to the cause of Indian nationalism and independence from Britain.
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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre is a cardinal incident in the history of Punjab. It occurred on 13th April, 1919 A.D. on the day of Baisakhi Festival. It is such unforgettable tragedy which would be remembered for ever in Punjab. This incident created feeling of hat redness against the British Government among Indians. It was much because of this tragedy that Gandhiji initiated the Non-co-operation movement to extract the British from the country. Thus, this massacre has also special importance in the Indian history.
Causes leading to the circumstances of Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy-Michael 0′ Dyer, the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab was very cruel. He used to be committed many atrocities on people. He had no faith in political reforms and consequently no sympathy with the political agitators. Michael didn’t allow Lokmanya Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal to enter Punjab. When Rowlett Act was passed by British Government. It was harshly protested by Indians. Moti Lal Nehru called it `Anarchial and Revolutionary crimes act’. On the behalf of Gandhiji, strikes and processions were peacefully held in different parts of India. When the people of Punjab heard the news that Gandhi was arrested. Riots took place in Gujranwala, Lahore and Kasur of Punjab. Therefore, chaos and disorder spread in the whole of Punjab. On 10 April 1919 A.D. Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchulu who were the main leaders of Congress, were called by Magistrate of Amritsar in his house. They were arrested there and deported to Dharamsala. Therefore, the members of Congress took out a huge procession to release them while hearing the news of arrest of their leaders. They visited the residence of Deputy Commissioner. When procession was marching ahead peacefully. At that time British Army shooted unarmed peoples at Railway crossing. About 10 peoples were died due to this incident. It created more dissatisfaction among demonstrators. Excited people held a procession by raising them on their shoulder again and assaulted some of Europeans too. The buildings of Allied and National Banks were set on fire. Crowd dispersed when British Army reached there. However, Govt fired on innocent peoples. It led to the great commotion.
On 12 April, 1919 A.D. a declaration was issued by General Dyer who was the incharge of troops that no meetings or gatherings were to be held by Indians in future, no steps were taken to check whether the peoples were obeying the notice or not. He imposed Article no. 144 in Amritsar. But, no information was given to public about it.
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