speech on war even brieng peace
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Answer:
Hard as this is to believe, we live in one of the most peaceful periods of human history.1 Homicides have been falling in most parts of the world for centuries.2 Despite the horrors beamed across the internet, violent deaths from wars between states are at historic lows.3 Civil war deaths have risen in recent years owing to the conflicts principally in Afghanistan, South Sudan, Syria, and Yemen, but they had fallen so far since the end of the Cold War that they are still a fraction (in per capita terms) of what they were at any time before.4 After rising for a decade and a half, even violent extremist–related fatalities are on the decline.5
Rachel Kleinfeld
Kleinfeld is a senior fellow in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. She was the founding CEO of the Truman National Security Project.
These comparatively recent improvements in peace and security did not occur spontaneously. The end of the Cold War gave them a boost, but they were chiefly achieved by concerted investment in policies designed to prevent and mitigate warfare and terrorism. Sharp reductions in violent crime were also due in part to investments in smarter policing and prevention.
But there is a darker side to the story.6 Many societies ostensibly “at peace” are far from peaceful. Some of them are experiencing endemic violence that exceed death rates in warfare. These situations can only be improved with better quality governance, rather than traditional peace agreements and peacekeepers. Almost nine out of ten violent deaths across the world today occur inside countries and cities that are not at war in the traditional sense.7 Criminal violence perpetrated by drug cartels, gangs, and mafia groups is skyrocketing, especially in Latin American and the Caribbean, causing global homicides to creep up again.8 Meanwhile, state security forces are continuing to deploy mass violence and excessive force against their own people.9
Robert Muggah
Robert Muggah is the director of research at the Igarapé Institute, a think tank working on data-driven safety and justice across Latin America and Africa, that he co-founded in 2011.
These two types of violence—organized crime and state repression—are more intertwined than is commonly assumed. Politicians, police, judges, and customs officials often cooperate with cartel bosses and gangs in the pursuit of profit and power. Both are skilled at hiding their violent acts such that they often are not recorded in worldwide datasets on lethal and nonlethal violence. Yet it is possible that such violence may be contributing to a jump in overall violent deaths worldwide. Such violence is difficult to disrupt.
These challenges are not confined to poor, “failed,” or “fragile” states. Compare the roughly thirty fragile states listed by the World Bank to the fifty most violent countries in the world, and just four appear in both compilations. It is middle-income countries that are fast becoming the world’s most violent places.10 Relatively wealthy South Africa has a violent death rate nearly double that of war-torn South Sudan.11 In 2018, more civilians were killed by state and paramilitary forces in the Philippines than in Iraq, Somalia, or the Democratic Republic of the Congo—as many as in Afghanistan.12 Of the fifty most violent cities in the world in 2017 (based on murder rates per 100,000), fifteen are in Mexico, fourteen are in Brazil, and four are in the United States.13 Inequality, not poverty, is strongly correlated with murder—and inequality often rises as poverty falls.14
Answer:
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Explanation:
The word war means a state of confliction or fight between state organizations or countries. The war between the countries is also known as world war which takes place on the very large scale and has larger destruction and also a huge loss to the infrastructure and development of the country and also to the people of the country who lose the war. The war not only makes a loss to the country who lose the war but also to the country who has won the war because there is a lot of destruction which takes place during the war.