speech writing for standard 10th chandrayaan 2
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Explanation: Chandrayaan 1 was launched on 22 October 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. It used the indigenously developed Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-XL) rocket. Chandrayaan 1 was based on an Indian meteorological satellite by the name of Kalpansat.
The spacecraft successfully entered the lunar orbit on 8 November 2008 and just six days later, released its Moon Impact Probe. The Moon Impact Probe crashed near the Shackleton crater on the same day. The Impact Probe crashed in such a way that the subsurface lunar soil could be analyzed for traces of ice.
It carried a total of 11 payloads not only from ISRO but from various space agencies, including NASA, the European Space Agency and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency.
Hovering just 100 kms above the Moon's surface, Chandrayaan 1 took numerous high-resolution images of the Moon's topography. It also performed mineralogical mapping and scoured the surface for any radioactive elements.
One of the mission’s major achievements was the discovery of a large number of water molecules present in the Moon's soil. The mission cost a mere $56 million and gave us crucial information about the Moon's surface.
Chandrayaan 1 - Success or failure?
Scientists speculate that frozen water near the Moon's south pole can be used for a variety of purposes such as generation of rocket fuel, drinking purpose, oxygen generation and to grow plants.
In August 2009, Chandrayaan 1 lost contact with the ground station when it was hovering 200 km above the Moon's surface. After a while, ISRO officially declared that the mission was over.
Though the probe was expected to last two years, numerous technical issues such as failure of the star sensors and inadequate thermal shielding shortened the lifespan of the spacecraft to just 312 days.
However, 95% of the mission objectives were already achieved. The project was a huge step forward not only for ISRO but also for the world. It paved the way for future lunar explorations.
Following the success of Chandrayaan 1, the way for Chandrayaan 2 was cleared.
Chandrayaan 2
Chandrayaan 2 was launched on July 22 from the same launch pad from which Chandrayaan 1 had taken off. Instead of using the outdated PSLV rocket used earlier, the spacecraft made use of the advanced Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III).
The spacecraft is expected to land on the Moon's on September 7, 2019. According to NASA, the Moon's polar craters have the Solar System's lowest temperature. It will be the first probe in the world which will land on the lunar south pole. The main mission objective is the exploration of lunar water near the polar region.
Also, ISRO plans to test the capabilities of its lunar rover named Pragyan. Weighing 27kg, the rover operates on solar power and travels at a speed of 1cm per second. It will continuously perform chemical analysis of the soil and send back to the lander (named Vikram), which will update the ground station.
It is expected that the rover will operate for 14 days but the duration may vary since Pragyan uses solar power to keep itself up.
Unlike last time, ISRO declined to carry any foreign payloads due to weight restrictions. But in June 2019, it agreed to carry a small laser retroreflector from NASA. The orbiter will carry eight payloads, while the lander is carrying three and the rover just two.
However, the orbiter will be hovering over the moon at a distance of 100km and performing passive experiments just like it did on Chandrayaan 1.
Chandrayaan 2 has successfully entered space. That being said, the most critical part will be the auto soft-landing. If the spacecraft lands successfully on the Moon, India will be the fourth country to join the moon club after China, the United States and Russia.
The entire Chandrayaan 2 mission cost approximately $141 million. This is less than every instalment in the Marvel Avenger series.
Unlike Chandrayaan 1, the stakes are pretty high this time since the spacecraft is also carrying a lunar rover, orbiter and a lander. Moreover, Chandrayaan 2 is the country's first time using self-manufactured components and design vehicles.
The launch is significant for a number of reasons, including the fact that, for the first time in Indian history, a space mission is spearheaded by two women. Chandrayaan-2 is led by Muthayya Vanitha and Ritu Karidhal, the project director and mission director, respectively.
Answer:
India and the world await Chandrayaan-2's soft-landing on the moon, the significance of landmark space mission has been a point of discussion among the scientist community and social media alike.
If this mission is successful, India will become the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to conduct a soft landing on the moon and the first country to land close to the lunar south pole on its first attempt.
but all must remember one thing chandrayaan-2 is Not a failure