spontaneity buying time. which of these is your preferred form and why?
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11th
Chemistry
Thermodynamics
Spontaneity
Spontaneity
Spontaneity
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SPONTANEOUS PROCESS - DEFINITION
A spontaneous process is the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy and moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state.
Examples are:
A water fall (Niagara Falls or dams) runs spontaneously downhill, but never uphill
When you put a sugar in a cup of coffee, it dissolves spontaneously but it does not reappear in its original form
NON-SPONTANEOUS PROCESS - DEFINITION
An endergonic reaction (also called a non-spontaneous reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive and energy is absorbed. Endergonic processes can be pushed or pulled by coupling them to highly exergonic reactions.
E.g. Removal of sugar from cup of tea, flow of water up the hill
DRIVING FORCE - DEFINITION
The force which is responsible for the spontaneity of process is called driving force.
The nature of it is:
Tendency for maximum randomness
Tendency for minimum energy
TENDENCY FOR MINIMUM ENERGY - DEFINITION
It is the criteria for maximum stability. The tendency to attain minimum energy i.e negative value of enthalpy change might be responsible for a process to be spontaneous.
LIMITATIONS OF THE CRITERION FOR MINIMUM ENERGY - DEFINITION
A number of reactions are known which are endothermic and are spontaneous.
There are a number of reactions for which enthalpy change is zero but still they are spontaneous.
Reversible reactions also occur.