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Why did Russia annex Crimea?
- The conflict in 2014 was the worst crisis in East-West relations since the Cold War which escalated after Ukraine’s pro-Kremlin president Viktor Yanukovych was driven from power after violent protests.
- Forces backed by Moscow, seized control of the Crimea, which has a Russian-speaking majority, and the people voted to join Russia in a referendum which was deemed illegal by Ukraine and the West.
- The region has been hotly-contested for centuries with Russia annexing Crimea during the reign of Catherine the Great in 1783 and it remained part of Russia until 1954.
- It was given autonomous republic status within Russia after the Bolshevik revolution.
- During World War II it was occupied by the Nazis.
- Josef Stalin accused many Ukrainians of collaborating with the Nazis and deported millions en masse to Central Asia and Siberia towards the end of the war.
- They were only allowed to return after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
- Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev transferred it to Ukraine.
- Tensions continued though and local Russian communities tried to assert sovereignty and increase ties with Russia.
- Another source of tension has been the presence of the Russian fleet in the port of Sevastopol.
- Both countries had agreed to allow the Black Sea Fleet to remain until 2017 but after the election of the pro-Russian Viktor Yanukovych as president in 2010, Ukraine agreed to extend the lease by 25 years beyond 2017, in return for cheaper Russian gas.
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