SST class 9 Essay 1 history
Answers
Answer:
Q.1: who was the first Portuguese sailor to discover the sea route between India and the west ? When and where in India did he arrive for the first time ?
Ans: Vasco- da-Gama.In 1498 at Calicut port in South India.
Q.2: who was the English sailor able to move round the earth through the sea route ?
Ans: Francis Drake.
Q.3: who was the English sailor who entered India for the first time and when ?
Ans: Johnes MildenHall in 1599.
Q.4: when and where did the East India company initially establish ?
Ans: The East India Company (trade organisation) was initially established in England in 1600.The Company was then called the ‘English East India Company’.
Q.5: write two objectives of the East India Company to permanently rule in India ?
Ans: (1) To establish trade supremacy in India.
(2) To secure political dominance in India for affirming British hold over India.
Q.6: when and where in India was the first trade centre of the English established ?
Ans: At Masulipatnam in 1611.
Q.7: what is ‘Fort William’?
Ans: ‘Front William’is a fort built in Calcutta in honour of William III, the king of England. The old name of Fort William was Calcutta trade centre.
Q.8: which were the two main divisions of the British administrative period of dependent India ?
Ans: The British administrative period of dependent India was divided into following two main divisions:
(i)The first phase,i.e. from the downfall of the Mughal Empire (around 1717) to the sepoy Mutiny(1857).In this phase,the East India Company dethroned the Indian
rulers,unified the scattered divisions and began a central administration over the entire British Indian region.
(ii)The second phase,i.e.from 1858 to 1947,restoration of power to the hands of Indians. In this phase,many important administrative reforms and welfare measures were introduced in India by the British Crown to ensure an organised British administration in India. In this period, national awakening in the country gained ground which led the British to quit India.
Q.9: Who,when and with what objective was the ‘Government of India act’ enacted ?
Ans: The Government of India act was passed by the British Parliament on 2 August 1858,with the objective that the British government would have the power to rule India directly. This made the East India Company devoid of its powers.
Q.10: When and with what objective was the ‘Indian Councils Act’ enacted ?
Ans: The Indian Councils act was passed by the British Parliament in 1861 with the objective to make the educated Indians familiar with the new administrative structure which was based on the Government of India Act,1858.