starts in the Swiss Alps and flows through Germany, France, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands
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This article is about the river. For other uses, see Rhine (disambiguation) and Rhein (disambiguation).
Rhine
Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,[1] Rijn
Loreley mit tal von linker rheinseite.jpg
The Lorelei rock in Rhineland-Palatinate
Flusssystemkarte Rhein 04.jpg
Map of the Rhine basin
Etymology Celtic Rēnos
Location
Country Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Netherlands
Rhine Basin Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Vorarlberg, South and Western Germany, North-Eastern France, Belgium, Netherlands, Val di Lei, Italy
Region Central and Western Europe
Physical characteristics
Source Rein Anteriur/Vorderrhein
- location Tomasee (Romansh: Lai da Tuma), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland
- coordinates 46°37′57″N 8°40′20″E
- elevation 2,345 m (7,694 ft)
2nd source Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein
- location Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland
Source confluence Reichenau
- location Tamins, Graubünden, Switzerland
- coordinates 46°49′24″N 9°24′27″E
- elevation 585 m (1,919 ft)
Mouth North Sea
- location Netherlands
- coordinates 51°58′54″N 4°4′50″ECoordinates: 51°58′54″N 4°4′50″E
- elevation 0 m (0 ft)
Length 1,230 km (760 mi), [note 1]
Basin size 185,000 km2 (71,000 sq mi)
Discharge
- average 2,900 m3/s (100,000 cu ft/s)
- minimum 800 m3/s (28,000 cu ft/s)
- maximum 13,000 m3/s (460,000 cu ft/s)
[2]
The Rhine (Latin: Rhenus, Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin,[1] Italian: Reno, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.
The largest city on the Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about 1,230 km (760 mi),[note 1][note 2] with an average discharge of about 2,900 m3/s (100,000 cu ft/s).
The Rhine and the Danube formed most of the northern inland frontier of the Roman Empire and, since those days, the Rhine has been a vital and navigable waterway carrying trade and goods deep inland. Its importance as a waterway in the Holy Roman Empire is supported by the many castles and fortifications built along it. In the modern era, it has become a symbol of German nationalism.