state 5 ways in which various laws passed by the british affected the indian pastoralists
Answers
the colonial authorities enacted the Waste land rules through which uncultivated lands were taken over for cultivation.This led to lack of sufficient grazing land for the cattle of the pastoralists.
various Forest Acts were eated which restricted the free movement of the pastoralists.their movement was regulated.
The Criminal Tribe act passed by the colonial government classified many communities of craftsmen, traders, and pastoralists as criminal tribes.They were expected to live in notified village settlements and their movement was restricted.
To expand the base of taxation, the colonial authorities levied taxes on land, salt and animals. Due to this the pastoralists reduced the number of animals they had.
Quality of pastures declined due to intensive grazing and a large number of cattle died due to scarcities and famine.
The following are the five ways in which various laws passed by the British government affected the lives of the pastoralists:
1. The introduction of Grazing tax put a tax on every animal the pastoralists fed on the pastures. As the rates of grazing tax were high pastoralists left the cities and move to other places with their animals.
2. The officers of British administration were suspicious of wandering people. They were against the mobile craftsmen and traders and pastoralists, thus the colonial government passed the Criminal Tribes Act to stop such activities in the areas under their control.
3. Through the enactment of this act, various tribes were demanded to live only in the reserved village settlements.
4. They had to take permission before moving anywhere. Their activities were under the continuous watch of the colonial police.
5. In lack of the pastures, the pastoralists lost their cattle in large number.