Question

State 6 physical properties of covalent compounds.

Answer 1

Answer:

Learning Objective

Discuss the qualitative predictions of covalent bond theory on the boiling and melting points, bond length and strength, and conductivity of molecules

Key Points

The Lewis theory of covalent bonding says that the bond strength of double bonds is twice that of single bonds, which is not true.

General physical properties that can be explained by the covalent bonding model include boiling and melting points, electrical conductivity, bond strength, and bond length.

Terms

intermolecular forcesAttractive forces or interactions between different molecules in a sample of a substance. The strength of these interactions is an important factor that determines the substance’s physical properties.

bond lengthThe distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It can be experimentally determined.

bond strengthDirectly related to the amount of energy required to break the bond between two atoms. The more energy required, the stronger the bond is said to be.

octet ruleAtoms lose, gain, or share electrons in order to have a full valence shell of eight electrons. Hydrogen is an exception because it can hold a maximum of two electrons in its valence level.

First described by Gilbert Lewis, a covalent bond occurs when electrons of different atoms are shared between the two atoms. These cases of electron sharing can be predicted by the octet rule. The octet rule is a chemical rule that generalizes that atoms of low atomic number (< 20) will combine in a way that results in their having 8 electrons in their valence shells. Having 8 valence electrons is favorable for stability and is similar to the electron configuration of the inert noble gases. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons contribute to each atom’s octet and thus enhance the stability of the compound.

Explanation:

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