state and explain 5 agencies of social control
Answers
Explanation:
The following are the agencies of social control in India:
(I) Custom, (II) Folkways and Folkmores, (III) Law, (IV) Religion and (V) Education.
I. Custom:
Custom denotes habit not in the sense an individual acquires a habit. It is a social habit in the sense that once the members of a group form a habit, it becomes a recognized custom only if it is backed by social sanctions. While Ginsberg states that custom gets so ingrained in life that we follow it almost instinctively, McIver and Page stress the inter-relationship of habit and custom.
II. Folkways and Folkmores:
According to Sumner, man has obtained from his ancestors certain proclivities, skills and habits by way of heritage, which enable him to solve several of his problems, like those relating to production of food or food habits, sex relationships I and his aesthetic sensibilities. These become the ‘folkways’ of his society for, in formation of these unwritten rules, deliberation by exchange of thoughts between different elements of the society took a very important role.
(3) The Type of Law Administered:
In simple societies the law is unwritten, comprising of folkways, folkmores, superstitions and a reliance on divine revelations or on magic. Folkways are accepted norms of behaviour, the violation of which entails mild penalties in the form of ridicule. Folkmores are also precepts of behaviour in society, but the violation of any of these demands necessitates harsh penalties.
(4) The Subject-Matter of Law:
Simple societies are formed out of their members’ desires to collect together for the advancement of motives of (a) self-preservation and (b) self-expression. Principles applying in these societies are aimed at securing these motives, and, as a result, the laws applying in tribes or clans cover all the activities of the individual and the society, covering the social and economic activities as also private matters like religious faith and freedom of thought of the individual. One can well imagine a member of a simple society being penalized for being an atheist, for blasphemous utterances or for his inclinations for an alien faith.
(5) The Nature of Sanctions:
No legal principle is worth its sanctity if it is not backed up by an effective system of counter-acting violations. In simple societies, offences of different magnitudes are met with penalties of varying degrees of severity. Ostracism or the disqualification from the membership of the tribe is the severest penalty, second to which comes penalties of mutilations of limbs.
Answer:
Custom, Folkways and Folkmores, Law, Religion, and Education
Explanation:
The Indian government's social control organisations are as follows:
Custom, Folkways and Folkmores, Law, Religion, and Education make up the first five categories.
1. Custom:
Custom describes a habit, but not in the sense that someone develops a habit. It is a social habit in the sense that once a group of people develops a habit, only social pressure can make it into a recognised custom. Ginsberg claims that custom becomes so engrained in life that we adhere to it almost intuitively, although McIver and Page place emphasis on the link between custom and habit.
2. Folkmores and Folkways:
According to Sumner, man has inherited from his ancestors certain inclinations, abilities, and habits that allow him to overcome a number of his issues, such as those pertaining to food production or eating habits, romantic relationships, and his sense of aesthetics. These evolved into the "folkways" of his culture because discussion and thought-exchange between various society members played a significant part in the development of these unwritten laws.
(3) The Sort of Law Enforced:
The law is unwritten in basic communities and is made up of folkways, folkmores, superstitions, and a reliance on heavenly revelations or magic. Folkways are established codes of conduct, and breaking them might result in jeers and other modest punishments.
(4) The Law's Subject-Matter:
Simple societies emerge from the wants of their members to band together for the promotion of self-expression and self-preservation goals.
5. The Sanctions' Nature:
If there is no effective system in place to deal with transgressions of the law, no legal concept is worth the sanctity it claims.
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