Question

State and explain aufbau principle and paulis excusion principle

Answer 1

Pauli's Exclusion principle states that two electrons cannot exist in the same location and thus electrons in the same orbital must have opposing spins. Hydrogen only has one electron in the 1s orbital and has a quantum number of 1s^1. Helium has two electrons in this field, so they must have opposing spins, and it has a quantum number of 1s^2.

This spin factor is the fourth quantum number, ms, and is described as either +1/2 for a spin 'up' or -1/2 for a spin 'down.'

The aufbau principle states that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. For example, the 1s shell is filled before the 2s subshell is occupied. In this way, the electrons of an atom or ion form the most stable electron configuration possible. An example is the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 for the phosphorus atom, meaning that the 1s subshell has 2 electrons etc.

Answer 2

The aufbau principle, from the German Aufbauprinzip (building-up principle), also called the aufbau rule, states that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels.

Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that, in an atom or molecule, no two electrons can have the same four electronic quantum numbers. As an orbital can contain a maximum of only two electrons, the two electrons must have opposing spins..