State and explain Markownikoff's rule.
Answers
Markovnikov's rule states that when an asymmetric species attacks on an asymmetric alkene, the nucleophilic part of the attacking species will attach to carbon that has less number of hydron attached.
Explanation:
Markovnikov's rule was given by Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov in 1869.
When an asymmetric species attacks on a double bond of alkene molecule it splits into two parts
1. Electron Rich part - Nucleophile
2. Electron Deficient part - Electrophile
The nucleophile of the attacking species bonds with the carbon that has less number of hydrogen.
The production of a carbocation in the reaction process explains this. The most stable carbocation is tertiary carbocation, followed by secondary carbocation, and finally primary carbocation. As a result, when an alkene is hydrogenated, the reaction favours the production of a stable intermediate species. As a result, the attacking species' hydrogen is connected to the carbon that already has a higher number of hydrogen, resulting in the development of a higher-order carbocation.
