state and explain types of plant tissues
Answers
Answer:
Is it just a random artistic piece? Is it a depiction of a pattern of bubbles? Would you believe it is part of a plant? It is actually the center portion of a carrot taproot. And these are all cells. Cells that have come together to form a tissue, with a specific function. What do you think is the main function of tissue in a plant's root?
Plant Tissues
As for all animals, your body is made of four types of tissue: epidermal, muscle, nerve, and connective tissues. Plants, too, are built of tissues, but not surprisingly, their very different lifestyles derive from different kinds of tissues. All three types of plant cells are found in most plant tissues.
Three major types of plant tissues are dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.
Dermal Tissue
Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant in a single layer of cells called the epidermis. You can think of the epidermis as the plant’s skin. It mediates most of the interactions between a plant and its environment. Epidermal cells secrete a waxy substance called cuticle, which coats, waterproofs, and protects the above-ground parts of plants. Cuticle helps prevent water loss, abrasions, infections, and damage from toxins.
This tissue includes several types of specialized cells. Pavement cells, large, irregularly shaped parenchymal cells which lack chloroplasts, make up the majority of the epidermis. Within the epidermis, thousands of pairs of bean-shaped schlerenchymal guard cells swell and shrink by osmosis to open and close stomata, tiny pores which control the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases and the release of water vapor. The lower surfaces of some leaves contain as many as 100,000 stomata per square centimeter.
Epidermis - the exchange of matter between the plant and the environment.
a) the epidermis on above ground organs (leaves and stems) is involved with gas exchange
b) the epidermis on below ground organs (roots) is involved with water and ion uptake
Microscope image of plant epidermis
The epidermis of Arabidopsis shows both pavement cells (A) and stomata made of sclerenchymal guard cells (B), which control water loss and gas exchange.
Ground Tissue
Ground tissue makes up much of the interior of a plant and carries out basic metabolic functions. Ground tissue in stems provides support and may store food or water. Ground tissues in roots may also store food.
Ground tissues - metabolism, storage, and support activities
a) the ground tissue of the leaf (called mesophyll) uses the energy in sunlight to synthesize sugars in a process known as photosynthesis
b) the ground tissue of the stem (called pith and cortex) develops support cells to hold the young plant upright
c) the ground tissue of the root (also called cortex) often stores energy- rich carbohydrates
Plant Tissue Types
The three tissue types of plants.
Vascular Tissue
Vascular tissue runs through the ground tissue inside a plant. Your body was able to grow from a single cell to perhaps 100 trillion cells because, 21 days after fertilization, a tiny heart began to pump blood throughout your tiny self – and it hasn’t stopped since. The blood it pumps carries water, oxygen and nutrients to each one of your trillions of cells, and removes CO2 and other wastes. Of course plants don’t have hearts, but they do have vessels that transport water, minerals, and nutrients through the plant. These vessels are the vascular tissue, and consist of xylem and phloem. Xylem and phloem are packaged together in bundles, as shown in figure below.
Vascular tissues - the transport of water and dissolved substances inside the plant
a) the xylem carries water and dissolved ions from the roots to stems and leaves
b) the phloem carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to all other parts of the plant
Xylem and phloem in celery
Bundles of xylem and phloem run through the ground tissue inside this stalk of celery. What function do these tissues serve?
Summary
The three types of plant cells are found in each of the major types of plant tissues: dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.
Explanation:
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Plant Tissues
Plant tissues can be grouped into plant tissue systems each performing specialized functions. A plant tissue system is defined as a functional unit, connecting all organs of a plant. Plant tissue system is also grouped into various tissues based on their functions.
Types of Plant Tissues
Merismatic tissues consist of a group of cells that have the ability to divide. These tissues are small, cuboidal, densely packed cells which keep dividing to form new cells. These tissues are capable of stretching, enlarging and differentiating into other types of tissues as they mature. Meristematic tissues give rise to permanent tissues. Merismatic tissues can be of three types depending on the region where they are present: Apical meristems, lateral meristems, and intercalary meristems.
Permanent tissues are derived from the merismatic tissues and have lost their ability to divide. They have attained their mature form. They are further classified into two types: Simple and complex permanent tissues.
- Simple Permanent tissues
Parenchyma– These tissues are found in the soft parts of a plant such as the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The cells of this tissue are loosely packed and contain large intercellular spaces between them. Each cell has a vacuole at the center. The functions of parenchyma tissues are storage, photosynthesis, and to help the plant float on water.
Collenchyma- Are similar to parenchyma cells with thicker cell walls. They are meant to provide mechanical support to the plant structure in parts such as petiole of the leaf.
Sclerenchyma- The cells of this tissue are dead. They are rigid, contain thick and lignified secondary walls. Their main function is to provide strength and support to parts of the plant.
- Complex Permanent Tissue
Xylem- It consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Tracheids and vessels are hollow tube-like structures that help in conducting water and minerals. The xylem conducts only in one direction i.e vertically. The xylem parenchyma is responsible for storing the prepared food and assists in the conduction of water. Xylem fibres are supportive in function.
Phloem- It consists of four of elements: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and the phloem parenchyma. Unlike the xylem, phloem conducts in both directions. It is responsible for transporting food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. Phloem contains living tissues except for fibres that are dead tissues.
Functions of plant tissues
Plant tissues have different functions depending upon their structure and location
- Help provide mechanical strength to organs.
- They help in providing the elasticity and flexibility to the organs.
- They help the tissues to bend easily in various parts of a plant like- leaf, stem, and branches without damaging the plant
- The xylem and phloem tissues help in transportation of material throughout the plants
- They divide to produce new cells and help in the growth of the plants.
- They help in various cellular metabolisms like photosynthesis, regeneration, respiration, etc.