Question

State and explain universal law of gravitation.

Answer 1

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Answer 2

Universal Law of Gravitation ;

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The gravitational force of attraction between any two particles is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and is inversely proportional to the square of distance between the particles. The direction of the force is along the line joining the two particles.

$F \propto m_1m_2 \: \: .......(1)$

And,

$F \propto \frac{1}{r {}^{2} } \: \: .......(2)$

Now , adding ( 1 ) and ( 2 ), we get ;

$F \propto \frac{m_1m_2}{r {}^{2} }$

Or ,

$F = G \frac{m_1m_2}{r {}^{2} }$

Here, G is a constant known as the universal constant of Gravitation. The value of G was experimentally measured in the laboratory by Cavendish, long after Newton's death. This value is

G = 6.67 × 10 ^ - 11 Nm² / kg².

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Thanks for the question !