State and explain Universal Law of Gravitation and derive F = G M × m / d²
Answers
Answer:
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation states that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
The universal gravitation equation thus takes the form
F∝m1m2r2 ⇒F=Gm1m2r2
Sir Isaac Newton put forward the universal law of gravitation in 1687 and used it to explain the observed motions of the planets and moons..
Universal Gravitation Equation
Newton’s conclusion about the magnitude of gravitational forces is summarized symbolically as
F=Gm1m2r2
where,
F is the gravitational force between bodies
m1 is the mass of one of the objects
m2 is the mass of the second object
r is the distance between the centres of two objects
G is the universal gravitational constant
The constant proportionality (G) in the above equation is known as the universal gravitation constant. The precise value of G was experimentally determined by Henry Cavendish in the century after Newton’s death. The value of G is found to be G = 6.673 x 10-11 N m2/kg2.