State any three characteristics of indian industries as they developed under colonial rule in India
Answers
Abstract
Despite the growth of large-scale industries in India since the 1850s, the country can hardly be said to have experienced industrialisation in the modern period. An active process of industrialisation must be marked at least by systematic increases in two ratios: the ratio of industrial output to total national income and the ratio of the working force employed in secondary industry to the working force available for employment. There are reasons to believe that, over most of the nineteenth century, the latter ratio recorded a fall. The trend was not reversed even during the twentieth century, but the rate of fall was halted because of the very smallness of the ratio of industrial employment to total labour force. Although the data for the post-Independence period have not yet been fully worked up to date, it is possible that a rise in both the ratios occurred upto 1964 or 1965. However, they have again recorded a fall since the middle 1960s and do not as yet show any signs of increasing.
Journal Information
The Economic and Political Weekly, published from Mumbai, is an Indian institution which enjoys a global reputation for excellence in independent scholarship and critical inquiry. First published in 1949 as the Economic Weekly and since 1966 as the Economic and Political Weekly, EPW, as the journal is popularly known, occupies a special place in the intellectual history of independent India. For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines.
Publisher Information
First published in 1949 as the Economic Weekly and since 1966 as the Economic and Political Weekly, EPW, as the journal is popularly known, occupies a special place in the intellectual history of independent India. For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines.
Answer:
India used to be a well-known industry for textile and handicrafts in the old days. History is full of such information that India was an established nation dealing in textile, spices and metals, silk and cotton etc.
After the arrival of British, these industries were destroyed slowly as Britishers followed the process of de-industrialisation of Indian industries to make way for British industries to flourish.
Following points will throw light on the situation of industries during British Rule.
1.The decay of Handicraft Industries: The traditional handicraft industries in India was flourishing and was known worldwide. But with British arriving in India, they stopped the practice of using handicraft export by placing tariffs on exports.
Also, there was stiff competition from the machine-made products. With the introduction of Railways, the reach of British products increased to every corner of the country. All these factors led to the downfall of textile and handicraft industries in India.
2. Slow Growth of Modern Industries: The presence of a lopsided infrastructure resulted in the limited or slow growth of enterprises. Besides, there was a scarcity of basic and heavy industries that hindered the growth.
Explanation:
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