Question

State any two problems which can arise due to the delay in dispatch
of seeds​

Answer 1

Abstract

We explore the effects of temporal variation in multiple demographic rates on the joint evolution of delayed reproduction and seed dormancy using integral projection models (IPMs). To do this, we extend the standard IPM to include a discrete state variable representing the number of seeds in the seed bank, density-dependent recruitment, and temporal variation in demography. Parameter estimates for Carlina vulgaris and Carduus nutans are obtained from long-term studies. Carlina is relatively long lived and has a short-lived seed bank, whereas most Carduus plants flower in their first year and the seed bank is long lived. Using the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) approach, we predict the observed flowering and germination strategies. There is excellent agreement between the predictions and the field observations. The effects of temporal variation on the joint ESS are partitioned into components arising from nonlinear averaging (systematic changes in the mean resulting from the interaction between variability and nonlinearity) and nonequilibrium dynamics (fluctuations in fitness caused by temporal variation). This shows that temporal variation can have substantial effects on the observed flowering and germination strategies and that covariance between demographic processes is important. We extend the models to include spatial population structure and assess the robustness of the results from the nonspatial models.

Answer 2

Two problems which can arise due to the delay in dispatch  of seeds​:

• If there is delay in dispatch of seeds, problems may arise that seeds won’t become compatible with the environment for instance it doesn’t get proper environmental conditions, i. e., sunlight and water, which it will require to grow due to its late germination.
• Late germination hinders climatic changes.
• Secondly, late germination doesn’t guarantee of the seed to be able to grow into a mature plant.
• Naturally, seeds lose their viability.

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State any two problems which can arise due to the delay in dispatch of seeds (please answer simply short)​

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