state differences between acids and bases.
Answers
Answer:
Acids Bases
i) Acids are sour in taste. i) Bases are bitter in taste.
ii) Acid turns blue litmus to red. ii) Bases turn red litmus to blue.
iii) Acid is a substance which contains hydrogen ion H
+
. iii) Bases are substances which contain hydroxyl ion OH
Dɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ɪɴ Dᴇғɪɴɪᴛɪᴏɴ
- Aᴄɪᴅ
Aɴ ᴀᴄɪᴅ ɪs ᴀ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇ ᴏʀ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʜᴀs ᴀ ᴘH ᴠᴀʟᴜᴇ ʟᴇss ᴛʜᴀɴ 7.0 ᴡʜᴇɴ ɪᴛ ɪs ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ᴀɴ ᴀϙᴜᴇᴏᴜs sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ. Aɴ ᴀϙᴜᴇᴏᴜs sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ɪs ᴀɴʏ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ɪs ᴀ sᴏʟᴠᴇɴᴛ. Aᴄɪᴅs ᴀʀᴇ ᴛᴇʀᴍᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴅᴏɴᴀᴛᴇ H+ (ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ ɪᴏɴ) ᴛᴏ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ʙᴀsᴇ.
- Bᴀsᴇ
A ʙᴀsᴇ (ᴀʟᴋᴀʟɪɴᴇ) ɪs ᴀ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇ ᴏʀ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʜᴀs ᴀ ᴘH ᴠᴀʟᴜᴇ ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ 7.0 ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ᴀɴ ᴀϙᴜᴇᴏᴜs sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ. Bᴀsᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxᴀᴄᴛ ᴄʜᴇᴍɪᴄᴀʟ ᴏᴘᴘᴏsɪᴛᴇ ᴏғ ᴀᴄɪᴅs. Iɴ ᴄʜᴇᴍɪsᴛʀʏ. Tʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs ᴛʜᴀᴛ, ɪɴ ᴀϙᴜᴇᴏᴜs sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ, ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏxɪᴅᴇ (OH−) ɪᴏɴs.
Aʀʀʜᴇɴɪᴜs Cᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ (Oᴜᴇʀᴛᴀᴛᴀɴɪ ᴇᴛ ᴀʟ, 2007)
- Aᴄɪᴅs
As ᴘᴇʀ Aʀʀʜᴇɴɪᴜs Cᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴀɴ ᴀᴄɪᴅ ᴇʟᴇᴠᴀᴛᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ Hʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ ɪᴏɴs ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴅɪssᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ.
- Bᴀsᴇs
As ᴘᴇʀ Aʀʀʜᴇɴɪᴜs Cᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴀ ʙᴀsᴇ ɪs ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪɴᴄʀᴇᴀsᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ʜʏᴅʀᴏxɪᴅᴇ ɪᴏɴs (OH–) ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴅɪssᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ.
Bʀᴏɴsᴛᴇᴅ-Lᴏᴡʀʏ Cᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ (Kᴀᴜғғᴍᴀɴ, 1988)
- Aᴄɪᴅs
Iɴ ᴛʜᴇ Bʀᴏɴsᴛᴇᴅ-Lᴏᴡʀʏ Cᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴀᴄɪᴅs ᴀʀᴇ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴅᴏɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴏɴs
- Bᴀsᴇs
Bᴀsᴇs, ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ʜᴀɴᴅ, ᴀʀᴇ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀᴄᴄᴇᴘᴛ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴏɴs
Dɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ɪɴ Cʟᴀssɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ
- Aᴄɪᴅs
Aᴄɪᴅs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄʟᴀssɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴀs:
- Sᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴀᴄɪᴅs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ɴɪᴛʀɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ (HNO3), sᴜʟғᴜʀɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ (H2SO4), ᴀɴᴅ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄʜʟᴏʀɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ (HCʟ) ʀᴇsᴘᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ.
- Sᴛʀᴏɴɢ Lᴇᴡɪs ᴀᴄɪᴅs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs AʟCʟ3 (ᴀɴʜʏᴅʀᴏᴜs ᴀʟᴜᴍɪɴɪᴜᴍ ᴄʜʟᴏʀɪᴅᴇ) ᴀɴᴅ BF3 (ʙᴏʀᴏɴ ᴛʀɪғʟᴜᴏʀɪᴅᴇ).
- Cᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴡᴇᴀᴋ ᴀᴄɪᴅs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴀᴄᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ (CH3COOH) ᴀɴᴅ ғᴏʀᴍɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ (CH2O2).
- Lᴇᴡɪs ᴀᴄɪᴅs ᴡɪᴛʜ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛɪᴠɪᴛʏ, ғᴏʀ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ; sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏғ ZɴCʟ2 (ᴢɪɴᴄ ᴄʜʟᴏʀɪᴅᴇ).
- Sᴜᴘᴇʀᴀᴄɪᴅs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴇxᴛʀᴇᴍᴇʟʏ sᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴀᴄɪᴅs.
- Bᴀsᴇs
Bᴀsᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄʟᴀssɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴀs:
- Aʟᴋᴀʟɪs ᴏʀ Cᴀᴜsᴛɪᴄs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs NᴀOH (sᴏᴅɪᴜᴍ ʜʏᴅʀᴏxɪᴅᴇ) ᴀɴᴅ KOH (ᴘᴏᴛᴀssɪᴜᴍ ʜʏᴅʀᴏxɪᴅᴇ).
- Cᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴡᴇᴀᴋ ʙᴀsᴇs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs NH3 (ᴀᴍᴍᴏɴɪᴀ) ɪɴ ᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ.
- Aʟᴋᴀʟɪ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟs ɪɴ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟʟɪᴄ ғᴏʀᴍ, (ɪ.ᴇ. ᴇʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛᴀʟ sᴏᴅɪᴜᴍ), ᴀɴᴅ ʜʏᴅʀɪᴅᴇs ᴏғ ᴀʟᴋᴀʟɪɴᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀʟᴋᴀʟɪ ᴇᴀʀᴛʜ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟs, ɪ.ᴇ. NᴀH (sᴏᴅɪᴜᴍ ʜʏᴅʀɪᴅᴇ), ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀs ᴀ sᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʜʏᴅʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴀsᴇs ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇ ᴄᴀᴜsᴛɪᴄs.
- Sᴜᴘᴇʀʙᴀsᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴇxᴛʀᴇᴍᴇʟʏ sᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʙᴀsᴇs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟ ᴀᴍɪᴅᴇs, ᴀʟᴋᴏxɪᴅᴇs, (ɪ.ᴇ. NᴀNH2 – sᴏᴅɪᴜᴍ ᴀᴍɪᴅᴇ) ᴀɴᴅ C4H9Lɪ (ʙᴜᴛʏʟʟɪᴛʜɪᴜᴍ), ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪs ᴀɴ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴏᴍᴇᴛᴀʟʟɪᴄ ʙᴀsᴇ.