state different forms of communal politics with one example of each
Answers
Communalism can take several forms in politics as:—
(a) The most common expression of communalism is of communal superiority in our everyday beliefs. Militant religious groups are an example.
(b) Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form in riots. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of partition.
(c) A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community; it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit. An example are the separatist leaders in Kashmir.
(d) Political mobilization based on religion is another form of communalism. This involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal to bring the followers of one religion together in the political areas. Examples in India are politicians trying to influence voters from the two largest religious communities in the country.
• Communalism in every day beliefs: It is the most common form of communalism and can be in the form of religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief that one religion is superior to another religions.
• Communalism as Majoritarian Dominance and Political Dominance: Electoral politics may be done on religious basis.
• Communalism as Political Mobilization: political mobilization on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. It involves the use of sacred symbols emotional appeals and plain fear in attempts to bring all the people of one religion together in a political arena.
• Communalism in the form of Violence: In its most ugly form, communalism leads to riots and violence. The people from various religions are in opposition to each other and they use violence to show the domination of their own religions. Ex: India and Pakistan.