Question

State few common features of the states in the eighteenth century?

Answer 1

18th-Century Culture and Society

Pop culture seems to change yearly. One year Celine Dion and gel pens are 'in' and the next year they are forgotten, replaced by Miley Cyrus and Uggs. What is stylish and what is not each year is often determined by, and reflective of, our society. Even though it seems like a completely different world, what was popular in the 18th century was also reflective of the changes that were taking place in 18th-century society. In this lesson, we will explore that society and its changing world, and what those with the time to spend on popular culture enjoyed.

Societal Makeup

The makeup of society was changing in the 18th century, but there was still opposition from the rigidly hierarchical established powers of the day. Indeed, despite some changes, at 1800, the nobility and traditional landed aristocracy still held the political power in most of Western Europe. In addition to largely being the sole holders of political power, the nobility of the 18th century held the vast majority of the region's wealth. Most of this wealth (and indeed, most of its attendant prestige) derived from the ownership of land.

To be a true member of the European nobility at this point, one must not have to work for a living, but must be able to live solely off the rents and profits from property, preferably land which the same family had owned for generations. In fact, some newer members of the noble classes went to great lengths to disguise newly bought land as land their grandparents and great-grandparents had owned. It should be noted that in most countries, the clergy were also considered part of the aristocratic class, and many of the clergy were second and third sons of lesser nobles, and hence unable to inherit their fathers' lands and estates.

The growth of the group the next rung down the social ladder during the 18th century is one of the most contentious subjects in European history. The urban working class (which Marxist historians term the 'bourgeoisie') had always existed in some form, but their growth and the growth of their respective industries had largely been hampered by long production times or the restrictive trade guilds of the cities and towns in which they often worked. The development of cottage industries (think very small-scale, in-home, efficient production of goods), and later, the advent of the Industrial Revolution changed the conditions dramatically for urban craftsmen, tradesmen, and merchants during the 18th century.

In addition to better technology, which decreased production times for their goods, portions of Europe gradually embraced freer markets, which allowed goods, people, and, most importantly, wealth to be more easily transferred. This, coupled with colonization and the opening of newer markets for their goods, allowed some of these traders and craftsmen to greatly increase their wealth in a short period of time. Many of these people used their newfound wealth to buy land and titles, essentially trying to buy their way into power and prestige. This practice was abhorred by the traditional nobility, though there was little they could do to stop it

Answer 2

Answer:

though many of the larger states were established by erstwhile Mughal nobles, they were highly suspicious of some of the administrate systems that they had inherited, in particular the jagirdari system they reduced the number of jagirdari appointed by the Mughals.

Explanation:

secondly , the farmers who were made to pay the tax were very poor who don't have enough money to pay the taxes. so these farmers get the money from the money lenders and pay it to the jagirdars, finally they get trouble from the money lenders, to return their money.