Question

State four difference between mahalwari,ryotwari and permanent settlement

Answer 1

Answer:

Zamindari System  :

• Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement Act.

• It was introduced in provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi.

• Also known as Permanent Settlement System.

• Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands. Zamindars were given the rights to collect the rent from the peasants.

• The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11 of the share belongs to Zamindars and 10/11 of the share belongs to East India Company.

Ryotwari System  :

• Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820.

• Major areas of introduction include Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh provinces of British India.

• In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants.

• The revenue rates of Ryotwari System were 50% where the lands were dry and 60% in irrigated land.

Mahalwari System :

• Mahalwari system was introduced in 1833 during the period of William Bentick.

• It was introduced in Central Province, North-West Frontier, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, etc of British India.

• The Mahalwari system had many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari System.

• In this system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages.

• Ownership rights were vested with the peasants.

• The villages committee was held responsible for collection of the taxes.

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Answer 2

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