State one similarity and one difference between the motion of Earth around the sun and the
pendulum of a clock
Answers
1 ) the motion of Earth around the sun is periodic motion .
Periodic motion - motion repeated in equal intervals of time. Periodic motion is performed.
So earth repeats its path after some constant time period and not moving in straight line. Also force acting is not directly proportional to displacement for mean position. So the motion is periodic motion.
2 ) motion of the pendulum of a clock is Oscillatory Motion
Oscillatory Motion - Oscillatory motion takes place when the restoring force acting on the body is directly proportional to its displacement from its equilibrium position. In practice, oscillatory motion eventually comes to rest due to damping or frictional forces.
The pendulum of a wall clock moves at regular intervals is oscillatory motion.
The motion of the oscillating body around its rest point, repeated through the equal intervals of the time is called oscillatory motion.
similarities and differences in simple words -
A periodic motion is one which repeats itself after certain period of time
Example: Motion of Earth around the sun is a periodic motion
An oscillatory motion is to and fro motion about a mean position.
Example: Motion of pendulum (which is also a SHM)
The second motion is subset of first one i.e. each oscillatory motion is a periodic motion but vice versa is not true.
similarities and differences explained breifly -
Periodic Motion:
A motion repeats itself after an equal interval of time. For example, uniform circular
motion.
There is no equilibrium position.
There is no restoring force.
There is no stable equilibrium position.
Oscillation:
To and fro motion of a particle about a mean position is called an oscillatory motion
in which a particle moves on either side of equilibrium (or) mean position is an
oscillatory motion.
It is a kind of periodic motion bounded between two extreme points. For
example, Oscillation of Simple Pendulum, Spring-Mass System.
The object will keep on moving between two extreme points about a fixed point is
called mean position (or) equilibrium position along any path (the path is not a
constraint).
There will be a restoring force directed towards equilibrium position (or) mean
position.
In an oscillatory motion, the net force on the particle is zero at the mean position.
The mean position is a stable equilibrium position.
Simple Harmonic Motion or SHM:
It is a special case of oscillation along with straight line between the two extreme
points (the path of SHM is a constraint).
Path of the object needs to be a straight line
There will be a restoring force directed towards equilibrium position (or) mean
position
Mean position in Simple harmonic motion is a stable equilibrium.
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