Question

State reason for the following statements:
(i) For a dilution of acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid.
(ii) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute hydrochloric acid does.
(iii) Tap water conducts electricity whereas distilled water does not.
(iv) During summer season, a milkman usually adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(v) Ammonia is a base but does not contain hydroxyl group. ​

Answer 1

Answer:

1] While diluting an acid, acid is added to the water and not vice versa because if water is added to the acid, then the container may blast due to excessive local heating. The mixture may also splash out causing burns and is a very exothermic process.

2] Dry HCl doesnot turns blue litmus to red as it doesnot contains H+ ions. H+ ions are produced only in molten state.

3] Tap water contains many salts which contain ions for the conduction of electricity whereas distilled water doesnot contains any salts and hence cannot conduct electricity.

4] During summer season, milkman adds small amount of baking soda to fresh milk to prevent the setting of milk into curd. Adding baking soda prevents the formation of lactic acid and hence increases the shelf life of milk.

5] Though ammonia doesnot contain hydroxyl ions but still it has very less concentration of H+ ions due to which it can be grouped under weak base.

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