Question

State reason for the following statements:
(i) Tap water conducts electricity whereas distilled water does not.
(ii) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute hydrochloric acid does.
(iii) For a dilution of acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid.
(iv) Ammonia is a base but does not contain hydroxyl group.

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Answer 1

Answer:

1))Electricity is conducted through liquids by ions. Tap water conducts electricity due to presence of ions of dissolved salts and minerals in it. But distilled water which is a covalent compound has no ions to conduct electricity through it.

2))Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red when hydrochloric acid does. ... Dry hydrogen chloride does not give hydrogen ions and so it does not act as an acid and does not turn blue litmus red. On the other hand, hydrogen chloride acid in water gives H+ ions and turn blue litmus red.

3))Dilution of concentrated acid is an exothermic process. If water is added to a concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns. When the acid is added to water slowly with constant stirring, the mixture will not splash out.

4))Ammonia is a base but it does not contain hydroxyl group because on reacting with water ammonia forms ammonium hydroxide which further on ionization gives ammonium ion and hydroxide ion.

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