State
second
law
of
thermodynamics. Also Mention
the
similarities
between
beryllium
and
magnesium.
Answers
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are in thermodynamic equilibrium with a third system, the two original systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed. In essence, energy can be converted from one form into another.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the state of entropy of the entire universe, as an isolated system, will always increase over time. The second law also states that the changes in the entropy in the universe can never be negative.
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system at absolute zero is a well-defined constant. This is because a system at zero temperature exists in its ground state, so that its entropy is determined only by the degeneracy of the ground state.
The fourth law of thermodynamics states that it as follows: every non-equilibrium state of a system or local subsystem for which entropy is well defined must be equipped with a metric in state space with respect to which the irreversible component of its time evolution is in the direction of steepest entropy ascent compatible with the conservation.
The proposed Fifth Law is an extension of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. It postulates that, as a result of wear and tear, a machine will cease functioning as the sum of all the useful energy produced approaches the total energy expended in its construction.
Beryllium and Magnesium are three of the six elements that fall into this category. The outer electronic structure of all these elements is similar due to which they all have similarity in their chemical and physical properties. They are all shiny, though fairly soft but still harder than alkali metals.