Question

State six advantages and disadvantages of complexity in higher organism

Answer 1

Answer:Advantage: it leads to cellular differentiation

Explanation:As a result of complexity, groups of cells are differentiated to form tissue that carry out similar functions

Answer 2

Higher organisms are composed of a wide variety of cells and it is. usually assumed that each cell contains the same DNA and hence. the same potentialities for protein synthesis. Complexity give rise to bigger size of higher organism which in turn lead to requirement of more space energy and environmental resources than single cell organisms.

Explanation:

Advantages of  Complexity in higher Organism:  

• Complexity enables higher organisms to adapt of survive in different habitats.  

• There is division of labor which leads to efficiency of the various organs of the body.  

• They are able to increase in size because there is enough space between cells for growth.  

• They have the ability to perform complicated physiological functions. Eg. Faster movement enhances efficiency and therefore adaptability to their environment.  

• Ability to conserve energy due to complex organs that can save energy.  

• Efficient transport of substances in the body. For eg, the circulatory system can transport blood in the body without interfering with other systems.

• Death of a cell or cells cannot stop the function of the cells because of the large number of cells that perform a particular function.  

• It give room for wound healing.  

• Less number of times the organisms fall sick due to large functional reserve.

• Ability to capture smaller organisms for food.  

Disadvantages of  Complexity in higher Organism:  

• Complexity give rise to bigger size of higher organism which in turn lead to requirement of more space energy and environmental resources than single cell organisms.  

• It leads to slower rate of diffusion of oxygen to individual cells.  

• Diffusion of materials is more effective in unicellular organisms than in multicellular organisms.  

• All plants must be kept functioning together in coordinated manner.  

• The more complex an organism, the more difficult it is to determine the cause of disease.  

• Inability of individual cells to exist on their own.  

• The increased in size make it difficult for various cells and tissues to acquire oxygen, food materials and removal of waste products.  

• Complexity also leads to difficulties in reproduction in higher organisms.  

• It takes time for their younger ones to grow and mature.  

• There is increase metabolic rate which consumes more food.