state the characteristic of bryophytic plant and pteridophytic plant
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Bryophytes are an informal group consisting of three divisions of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses.[1] They are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments.[2] The bryophytes consist of about 20,000 plant species.[3][4] Bryophytes produce enclosed reproductive structures (gametangia and sporangia), but they do not produce flowers or seeds. They reproduce via spores. Bryophytes are usually considered to be a paraphyletic group and not a monophyletic group, although some studies have produced contrary results. Regardless of their status, the name is convenient and remains in use as an informal collective term. The term "bryophyte" comes from Greek βρύον, bryon "tree-moss, oyster-green" and φυτόν, phyton "plant".
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are also referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. The pteridophytes include the ferns, horsetails, and the lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts). These are not a monophyletic group because ferns and horsetails are more closely related to seed plants than to the lycophytes. Therefore, "Pteridophyta" is no longer a widely accepted taxon, although the term pteridophyte remains in common parlance, as do pteridology and pteridologist as a science and its practitioner, to indicate lycophytes and ferns as an informal grouping, such as the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.
Bryophytes typically measure one to two centimeters tall. They lack tissues to provide structure and support that other land plants have, so they cannot grow taller. Instead, bryophytes grow close together into a cushion-like covering over soil, rocks, tree trunks, and leaves.
Though they require water for hydration as well as reproduction, they are able to survive on land because of special adaptations. Bryophytes are covered in a waxy cuticle that helps them to retain water. As water flows through an area, it is absorbed by bryophytes. Bryophytes hold on to water like a sponge, helping creatures who depend on water for survival as well as reducing flooding in an area.
characteristics of petridophytic
Pteridophytes are known as the vascular cryptogams i.e. seedless vascular plants.The ferns are diploid sporophyte.The embryo of pteridophytes is classified into exoscopic embryo and endoscopic embryo.Large variation is also observed in the shape of gametophyte; in the homosporous pteridophytes the prothallus is simple, green and hearts shaped or also possess aerial branches.Life cycle of pteridophytes is diplobiontic.It exhibits heteromorphic alternationbetween the gametophytic and sporophytic generation. That is morphologically distinct sporophytic and gametophytic generation.In heterosporous species; the microspores give rise to the male gametophyte and megaspore give rise to the female gametophyte.In the homosporous pteridophytesantheridia and the archegonia are borne on same prothallus.Water is essential for fertilization.Presence of protective jacket cells in the sex organs.Vegetative propagation in pteridophytes occurs by fragmentation and budding