State the conclusions drawn from Hope’s Experiment
Answers
Explanation:
The experiment using Hope's Apparatus shows that water reaches its maximum density at 4 degrees centigrade or 39 degrees Fahrenheit. Thomas Charles Hope (1766 – 1844), a Scottish physician and chemist, is the inventor of this apparatus and also proved the existence of the element strontium.
Answer:
ANAMOLOUS EXPANSION OF WATER - DEFINITION
concept
The anomalous expansion of water is an abnormal property of water whereby it expands instead of contracting when the temperature goes from 4
o
C to 0
o
C, and it becomes less dense. The density is maximum at 4 degree centigrade and decreases below that temperature as shown in graph. The density becomes less and less as it freezes because molecules of water normally form open crystal structures when in solid form.
HOPE'S EXPERIMENT - DEFINITION
concept
Hopes apparatus consists of a long cylindrical jar with two openings on the side, one near the top and the other near the bottom to fit thermometers in each of these openings. A metallic cylindrical air-tight trough with an outlet is also fitted onto the jar, on its central portion. Now the cylindrical jar is filled with water. The cylindrical trough at the central portion of the jar is filled with a freezing mixture of ice and common salt. After a period of time the more dense water collects at the bottom at a temperature of 4C showing the anomalous behaviour of water.
CONSEQUENCES OF ANOMALOUS EXPANSION OF WATER - DEFINITION
Because of the anomalous expansion of water, when the temperature reaches 4
0
C, the water remains at the surface of the lake, sea or river. This is because as temperature decreases from 4
0
C to 0
0
C, water expands. The water is still less dense and thus remains at the surface. Only a small layer of water at the surface thus becomes frozen. Ice itself is less dense than water.