Question

State the conditions in Russia on the eve of the February Revolution.

Answer 1

• In Russia, most of the industry was the private property of industrialists.
• Government supervised large factories to ensure minimum wages and limited hours of work.
• But factory inspectors could not prevent rules being broken.
• The working day was sometimes 15 hours in craft unit and small workshop compared to 10 to 12 hours in factories.
• Workers in Russia were divided on the basis of skill.

Answer 2

In Russia, most of the industry was the private property of industrialists. Government supervised large factories to ensure minimum wages and limited hours of work. But factory inspectors could not prevent rules being broken. The working day was sometimes 15 hours in craft unit and small workshop compared to 10 to 12 hours in factories. Workers in Russia were divided on the basis of skill.

The metal workers considered themselves aristocrats among workers, as their occupation demanded more training and skill. They were better organised, quick to form associations and undertake strikes for better work conditions and reinstatement of co-workers. Women formed 31% of the workforce, but were paid less than men

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