State the conditions necessary for formation of echo. What is the minimum distance required for formation of echo in water if speed of sound in water is 1450m's?
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The sensation of any sound persists in our ear for about 0.1 seconds. This is known as the persistence of hearing. If the echo is heard within this time interval, the original sound and its echo cannot be distinguished. So the most important condition for hearing an echo is that the reflected sound should reach the ear only after a lapse of at least 0.1 second after the original sound dies off. As the speed of sound is 1450 m/s, the distance travelled by sound in 0.1 second is 145 m. This is twice the minimum distance between a source of sound and the reflector. So, if the obstacle is at a distance of 72.5 m at least, the reflected sound or the echo is heard after 0.1 second, distinctly.
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