state the difference between the axon and dendron of a neuton
Answers
Answer:
Classically, the axon has been identified as the myelinated or unmyelinated process that transmits signals away from the cell body. The classical view of the dendrite is that of an unmyelinated tube of cytoplasm which carries information toward the cell body. However, this distinction does not hold for ALL neurons.
Explanation:
The human nervous system is divided into two components- the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS is the hub or center of an organism’s body that includes parts of the brain and the spinal cord. This system regulates the information, command, coordination, and integration that influences the various activities within the body. The other component of the human nervous system is the PNS. It consists of neurons and other parts outside the CNS. The signals received by the CNS are mainly from the PNS that plays a supporting role.
Neurons are components of the PNS that are fundamental for processing and transferring information to nerve cells, muscles, and glands. There are several billions of neurons present in our body having extensions like axons and dendrites.
What are Neurons?
Neurons are the nerve cells having a cell body known as soma. Neurons produce a good amount of protein, and these neuronal proteins are absorbed in the soma. These nerve cells have two vital and distinctive components within them, which are called the axon and dendrites. The short branching processes are known as dendrites, while the ones that are longer than the dendrites are known as axons. This is the main structural difference between dendrites and axons.
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What are Dendrites?
Dendrites are the specialized short fibrous branches that extend from the nerve cell body. The dendron’s function of accepting and process incoming information takes place within the dendrites. These incoming signals of a dendron function are of two categories- excitatory that makes the neuron take the trigger and inhibitory that prevents the neuron from taking the trigger. A single neuron may consist of more than one set of dendrites and can receive plenty of information from the input signals. It is up to the neuron whether it will get excited and take a trigger or not. This impulse is mainly dependent upon the total number of excitatory and inhibitory signals it gets. If the neuron rejects the trigger, the nerve impulse is taken down to the axon.
What are Axons?
If you understood what are dendrites, it is time to understand the concept of the axon. The axon is a long tail-like projection of the nerve cell, also known as nerve fiber that conducts the electrical impulses in the body away from the nerve cells or soma. These typically arise from the cell body at a special junction called axion hillock. The axons are the primary transition lines that bundle up to create the nerve. The difference between axon and dendrite is a fatty substance called myelin that is found to cover only the axon. The axons split up at the end and develop bulbous swellings called axon terminals which get connected with the target cells.