State the factors affecting vapour pressure.
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The major factors that affect vapour pressure at constant pressure and temperature are:
1. Boiling point, which is a measure of volatility of the substance; and,
2. The nature and concentration of any solute present in the liquid.
Water is less volatile than alcohol or ether because of extensive hydrogen bonding in it. Ether is highly volatile because the molecules are only bound by van der Wall's forces that are much weaker than hydrogen bonding.
The presence of a solute causes a decrease in the vapour pressure of a liquid, and this fall in vapour pressure also varies with the concentration of the solute.
1. Boiling point, which is a measure of volatility of the substance; and,
2. The nature and concentration of any solute present in the liquid.
Water is less volatile than alcohol or ether because of extensive hydrogen bonding in it. Ether is highly volatile because the molecules are only bound by van der Wall's forces that are much weaker than hydrogen bonding.
The presence of a solute causes a decrease in the vapour pressure of a liquid, and this fall in vapour pressure also varies with the concentration of the solute.
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