State the financial relations between union and states
Answers
India is a union of states. The constitution of India has divided the legislative, executive and financial powers between the centre and the states, which gives the constitution a federal character whereas judiciary is integrated in a hierarchical structure.
The centre-state relations are divided into three parts, which are mentioned below:
(A) Legislative Relations (Article 245-255)
(B) Administrative Relations (Article 256-263)
(C) Financial Relations (Article 268-293)
Legislative Relations
Articles 245 to 255 in Part XI deals with different aspects of legislative relations between centre and states. These include:
(1) Territorial jurisdiction of laws made by the Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
(2) Distribution of legislative subjects
(3) Power of parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List
(4) Centre's control state legislation
However, Seventh Schedule of the Constitution provides for the distribution of legislative powers between the centre and the states. The legislative subjects are divided into List I (the Union List), List II (the Concurrent List) and List III (the State List).
At present, there are 100 subjects in the Union list which includes subjects such as foreign affairs, defence, railway, postal services, banking, atomic energy, communication, currency etc.
At present, there are 61 subjects in the State list. The list includes subjects such as police, public order, roadways, health, agriculture, local government, drinking water facilities, sanitation etc.
At present, there are 52 subjects in the concurrent list. The list includes subjects such as education, forests, protection of wild animals and birds, electricity, labour welfare, criminal law and procedure, civil procedure, population control and family planning, drugs etc.