state the four main reactions to be held in contact process
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Answer:
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Explanation:
Contact Process
It is said that, if one could estimate the amount of sulphuric acid produced in a country, then that information is more than enough to estimate the industrial growth of that particular country. This is because sulphuric acid is an essential raw material for almost everything that is industrially made. It is commonly used in fertilizer manufacturing, oil refining, mineral processing and it is even used in wastewater processing. Some other uses include domestic acidic drain cleaners, as electrolyte in lead-acid batteries, as a dehydrating agent, etc.
Having said that, one of the most popular or common methods to manufacture sulphuric acid is via the contact process. This process was invented by a British merchant named Peregrine Phillips. It was patented in the year 1831. Apart from being an economical process for manufacturing sulphuric acid, sulphur trioxide and oleum are also obtained from this process. We will be learning more about the contact process in this lesson.
Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
In a nutshell, sulphuric acid is a strong mineral acid characterized by its strong dehydrating and oxidizing nature. It has a chemical formula H2SO4. This acid is colourless with a pungent smell. It is soluble in water and releases heat on contact. On top of that, this acid is corrosive to metals and most other organic matters like tissue, wood, etc. On contact with such organic substances, sulphuric acid instantly dehydrates them causing char to form. Sulphuric acid has a density of 1.83 g / cm3.
The molecular structure of sulphuric acid is represented below in the form of a line-wedge-dash structure.
Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid By Contact Process
Generally, there are several ways to manufacture sulphuric acid. Each of them varies in effort, cost, and purity of the sulphuric acid that is produced. However, the most common process among these are the contact process. Let us discuss this process in detail below.
The manufacture of sulphuric acid using contact process involves four steps. These include;
Extraction of sulphur.
Preparation of sulphur dioxide.
Conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide.
Conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphuric acid.
Extraction of Sulphur
Pure sulphur is required for the production of sulphur dioxide gas. There are many sources for extracting sulphur. The most important one among these are the recovery from natural gas and oil. The organic or mineral parts of these are removed to obtain sulphur.
Apart from the extraction of pure sulphur, there are few ways by which sulphur dioxide can be extracted. Metal refining is one of them. Many metal ores occur as sulphides in the soil. Later they are roasted to obtain their respective oxide and sulphur dioxide.
Consider the extraction process of lead:
2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2
Likewise, sulphur dioxide can be obtained from the metallurgy of copper, nickel, zinc, etc. In China, most of the sulphur dioxide is extracted from pyrite, an iron sulphide ore.
Preparation of Sulphur Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide can be prepared by burning pure sulphur in the presence of excess air. This causes the formation of dioxide of sulphur. The process of sulphur dioxide preparation is as follows:
Molten sulphur is pumped into the stationary atomizer. This causes the formation of atomized sulphur. This atomized sulphur is applied to the hot furnace. Air is preheated and dried using a sulphuric acid dehydrator and is also applied to the hot furnace.
Air and atomized molten sulphur are kept at one end of the hot furnace. When a reaction occurs sulphur dioxide is produced at the other end.
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