State the function of the following joints
(a) Hinge joint
(b) Saddle joint
c) Pivot joint
Answers
Explanation:
Joints:-
Joints connect bones within your body they act like a connector to the bones and provide support for the body .
• Joints are made up of bone, muscles, synovial fluid, cartilage and ligaments.
(A)Hinge joint :-
Hinge joints are formed between two or more bones and basically they get formed where the bones can only move along one axis rather than other axis.
• Hinge joints are found in our elbows and knees.
(b) Saddle joint:-
• Saddle joints allow movement with two degrees of freedom.
• They have a much greater range of motion.
• There are a total of four saddle joints in the human body.
• The movements are as same as in the condyloid joint.
c) Pivot joint:-
• Pivot joints helps in rotation around one axis.
• The pivot joint allows rotation of one bone around another.
• A pivot joint is a type of synovial joint that rotates.
• Example :- like as between the first and second cervical vertebrae.
Answer:
hinge joint is a common class of synovial joint which can be moved along one axis (direction) only. it can be found in ankle, elbow and phalanges
A saddle joint is a synovial joint having a saddle-shaped articular surface which is concave, saddle-shaped in one bone and convex on the complementary bone so as to allow movement in multiple directions. They give more stability to the bones and are more flexible than other joints like the hinge joint and the gliding joint. Similar to a condyloid joint, the bone riding the saddle (complementary bone) can move about an oval area providing more movement.
Pivot joint, also called rotary joint, or trochoid joint, in vertebrateanatomy, a freely moveable joint(diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis. The moving bone rotates within a ring that is formed from a second bone and adjoining ligament. The pivot joint is exemplified by the joint between the atlas and the axis (first and second cervical vertebrae), directly under the skull, which allows for turning of the head from side to side. Pivot joints also provide for the twisting movement of the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) against the upper arm, a movement used, for instance, in unscrewing the lid of a jar.
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