Question

State the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, including the folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus. Correct folding of newly made proteins is made possible by several endoplasmic reticulum chaperone proteins, including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERp29, the Hsp70 family member BiP/Grp78, calnexin, calreticulin, and the peptidylpropyl isomerase family. Only properly folded proteins are transported from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus – unfolded proteins cause an unfolded protein response as a stress response in the ER. Disturbances in redox regulation, calcium regulation, glucose deprivation, and viral infection[23] or the over-expression of proteins[24] can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ER stress), a state in which the folding of proteins slows, leading to an increase in unfolded proteins. This stress is emerging as a potential cause of damage in hypoxia/ischemia, insulin resistance, and other disorders.[25]

Answer 2

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The functions of endoplasmic reticulum are :-

• Endoplasmic reticulum forms the supporting framework of the cell.

• Its large surface area inside the cell is the site for various metabolic activities.

• It helps to keep various cell organelles in position.

• It is associated with the synthesis, storage and transport of metabolic products such as protein and lipids.

• Some other synthesized proteins and lipids of endoplasmic reticulum functions as enzymes and harmones.

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