state the impact that the invaders had on india
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Answer:
Invasions of Arab in the Eleventh Century:
Hajjaj, the Muslim governor of Iraq sent a powerful army under the command of his nephew and son-in-law Muhammad-Bin-Qasim in 711 A.D. to attack Sindh. The religious zeal of the Arabs, the desire to extend the empire and the allurement of wealth through conquest were primary reasons of this attack though a pretext was found that Dahar, the ruler of Sindh, had failed to punish those sea-pirates who had captured the presents sent by the king of Ceylon to Hajjaj.
At that time, India was politically divided into many states which constantly fought against each other, yet were powerful enough to check foreign invasions. Socially, the caste-system existed but it had not grown rigid. The position of the women was, certainly, not equal to men, yet women enjoyed a respectable position.
Hinduism was the most popular religion though Buddhism was also fairly widespread. Economically, India was prosperous. Thus, at that time, India did not suffer from those weaknesses which crept up afterwards in the 11th and the 12th centuries.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Muhammad defeated Dahar and captured Sindh in 712 A.D. In 713 A.D. he captured Multan as well. But very soon Muhammad was called back and punished to death by the Khalifa. The Arabs in Sindh and Multan failed to make further conquests in India after him.
The meagre economic resources of Sindh, its military weakness, sharp social divisions in Sindh, the indifference of other Indian rulers towards the fate of Sindh, the superiority of arms and military tactics of the Arabs and the incompetence of Dahar were the main reasons of the success of the Arabs.
However, the conquest of Arabs in India remained limited only to Sindh and Multan. They failed to penetrate further in India. The growing weakness of the Khilafat, the division of Sindh and Multan into two separate Arab kingdoms, administrative incapacity of the Arabs, and the existence of powerful Rajput states in India which were determined to check further inroads of the Arabs in India were primary reasons of the failure of the Arabs in extending their power in India.
The Arabs failed to impress Indian polity and culture. Instead they themselves and through them the western world also drew advantages in many fields by coming into contact with the Indians.
Explanation: