Question

state the laws of radioactivity. Define half-life and radioactive decay constant. Obtain the relation between them.​

Answer 1

Answer:

laws of radioactivity

• According to the radioactive decay law, when a radioactive material undergoes either  or β or ℽ decay, the number of nuclei undergoing the decay per unit time is proportional to the total number of nuclei in the given sample material.  

• The radioactive decay law states that “The probability per unit time that a nucleus will decay is a constant, independent of time”.

   

Half-Life Definition

• Half-Life is normally defined as the time needed by a radioactive substance (or one half the atoms) to disintegrate or transform into a different substance. The principle was first discovered in 1907 by Ernest Rutherford. It is usually represented by the symbol Ug or t1/2.

• To help you understand the concept better if we take a radioactive element which has a one-hour half-life. In this case, the one half would decay within an hour and the remaining would decay within another hour. The question that arises here is, why the remaining material did not decay in the hour?  

• Well, if the radioactive element is taken in a case where half of the atoms have decayed after one-half life, it would be proper to assume that they have a life expectancy at the average level as well-defined viz. the atoms with mean life that is much longer than their half-life. This would mean that the half-life divided by 2 which is the natural algorithm would be the mean life. On the other hand, the half-life is often defined in terms of probability.

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