state the mechanism of inheritance in a single sentence
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The Mechanism Of Inheritance..
There are several ways a gene is inherited, and each has an underlying mechanism. Following are some major mechanisms of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
This mode of inheritance refers to conditions where a mutation in one allele can cause the relevant phenotype. It is not required that both alleles have a mutation for the mutant phenotype to be expressed. This occurs when the amount of protein produced by both the alleles is just sufficient for normal function. When one allele is mutated, the protein produced by the other allele becomes insufficient for normal function, leading to the phenotype, which could be a diseased state.
Such inheritance can also occur when a mutated allele produces new protein that has a deleterious effect on the normal function of a cell.
Autosomal recessive inheritance
This mode of inheritance occurs when both alleles of a gene carry mutations results in a phenotype. Mutation in one of the alleles does not express the mutant phenotype, because enough protein is produced by the other allele to continue normal function. Individuals which carry such mutations are called carriers.
X-linked inheritance
This kind of inheritance refers to conditions that are caused by mutations on the X-chromosome. Since males have only one X-chromosome, any mutation in this chromosome expresses its phenotype in males, while females usually remain carriers, because they have two copies of X-chromosomes, and one normal copy of the gene is usually sufficient to mask the deleterious effect of the other (mutated) copy.
Mitochondrial inheritance
Mitochondria are cellular organelles which possess their own genetic material. During fertilization, the male (sperm) does not contribute any mitochondrial DNA to the embryo (all of the cytoplasm comes from the female). Any defect due to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA follows a maternal pattern of inheritance. Defects in mitochondria generally affect process that use lot of energy.
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There are several ways a gene is inherited, and each has an underlying mechanism. Following are some major mechanisms of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
This mode of inheritance refers to conditions where a mutation in one allele can cause the relevant phenotype. It is not required that both alleles have a mutation for the mutant phenotype to be expressed. This occurs when the amount of protein produced by both the alleles is just sufficient for normal function. When one allele is mutated, the protein produced by the other allele becomes insufficient for normal function, leading to the phenotype, which could be a diseased state.
Such inheritance can also occur when a mutated allele produces new protein that has a deleterious effect on the normal function of a cell.
Autosomal recessive inheritance
This mode of inheritance occurs when both alleles of a gene carry mutations results in a phenotype. Mutation in one of the alleles does not express the mutant phenotype, because enough protein is produced by the other allele to continue normal function. Individuals which carry such mutations are called carriers.
X-linked inheritance
This kind of inheritance refers to conditions that are caused by mutations on the X-chromosome. Since males have only one X-chromosome, any mutation in this chromosome expresses its phenotype in males, while females usually remain carriers, because they have two copies of X-chromosomes, and one normal copy of the gene is usually sufficient to mask the deleterious effect of the other (mutated) copy.
Mitochondrial inheritance
Mitochondria are cellular organelles which possess their own genetic material. During fertilization, the male (sperm) does not contribute any mitochondrial DNA to the embryo (all of the cytoplasm comes from the female). Any defect due to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA follows a maternal pattern of inheritance. Defects in mitochondria generally affect process that use lot of energy.
___________________
Hope It Helps! :-)
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The Mechanism Of Inheritance
There are several ways a gene is inherited, and each has an underlying mechanism. Following are some major mechanisms of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
This mode of inheritance refers to conditions where a mutation in one allele can cause the relevant phenotype. It is not required that both alleles have a mutation for the mutant phenotype to be expressed. This occurs when the amount of protein produced by both the alleles is just sufficient for normal function. When one allele is mutated, the protein produced by the other allele becomes insufficient for normal function, leading to the phenotype, which could be a diseased state.
Such inheritance can also occur when a mutated allele produces new protein that has a deleterious effect on the normal function of a cell.
Autosomal recessive inheritance
This mode of inheritance occurs when both alleles of a gene carry mutations results in a phenotype. Mutation in one of the alleles does not express the mutant phenotype, because enough protein is produced by the other allele to continue normal function. Individuals which carry such mutations are called carriers.
X-linked inheritance
This kind of inheritance refers to conditions that are caused by mutations on the X-chromosome. Since males have only one X-chromosome, any mutation in this chromosome expresses its phenotype in males, while females usually remain carriers, because they have two copies of X-chromosomes, and one normal copy of the gene is usually sufficient to mask the deleterious effect of the other (mutated) copy.
Mitochondrial inheritance
Mitochondria are cellular organelles which possess their own genetic material. During fertilization, the male (sperm) does not contribute any mitochondrial DNA to the embryo (all of the cytoplasm comes from the female). Any defect due to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA follows a maternal pattern of inheritance. Defects in mitochondria generally affect process that use lot of energy.
There are several ways a gene is inherited, and each has an underlying mechanism. Following are some major mechanisms of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
This mode of inheritance refers to conditions where a mutation in one allele can cause the relevant phenotype. It is not required that both alleles have a mutation for the mutant phenotype to be expressed. This occurs when the amount of protein produced by both the alleles is just sufficient for normal function. When one allele is mutated, the protein produced by the other allele becomes insufficient for normal function, leading to the phenotype, which could be a diseased state.
Such inheritance can also occur when a mutated allele produces new protein that has a deleterious effect on the normal function of a cell.
Autosomal recessive inheritance
This mode of inheritance occurs when both alleles of a gene carry mutations results in a phenotype. Mutation in one of the alleles does not express the mutant phenotype, because enough protein is produced by the other allele to continue normal function. Individuals which carry such mutations are called carriers.
X-linked inheritance
This kind of inheritance refers to conditions that are caused by mutations on the X-chromosome. Since males have only one X-chromosome, any mutation in this chromosome expresses its phenotype in males, while females usually remain carriers, because they have two copies of X-chromosomes, and one normal copy of the gene is usually sufficient to mask the deleterious effect of the other (mutated) copy.
Mitochondrial inheritance
Mitochondria are cellular organelles which possess their own genetic material. During fertilization, the male (sperm) does not contribute any mitochondrial DNA to the embryo (all of the cytoplasm comes from the female). Any defect due to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA follows a maternal pattern of inheritance. Defects in mitochondria generally affect process that use lot of energy.
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