Question

state the names and effects of hormones on kidney.

Answer 1

Erythropoietin is a glycoproteincontaining 165 amino acids. Its receptors are present on the membranes of red blood cell precursors. Binding of the hormone reduces apoptosis of these cells – multiple cells survive and can therefore complete their development into mature erythrocytes.

Calcitriol ( dihydroxycholecalciferol)

The metabolism of calcitriol is discussed in detail in Chapter 9 and in subchapter about metabolism of water and minerals. Here we will mention only the role of the kidneys in calcitriol metabolism.

Renin

Renin is part of the renin – angiotensin – aldosterone system (RAAS) . This system is discussed in detail in Chapter 11 and in subchapter about metabolism of water and minerals. We will only provide a basic overview here.

In the case of insufficient blood flow to the kidneys (e.g., decrease in blood volume) cells of the renaljuxtaglomerular apparatus begin the synthesis of protein renin. Renin is an enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of plasmatic angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted by angiotensin converting enzyme to angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone synthesis and causes vasoconstriction

Answer 2

Answer:

Erythropoietin is a glycoproteincontaining 165 amino acids. Its receptors are present on the membranes of red blood cell precursors. Binding of the hormone reduces apoptosis of these cells – multiple cells survive and can therefore complete their development into mature erythrocytes.

Calcitriol ( dihydroxycholecalciferol)

The metabolism of calcitriol is discussed in detail in Chapter 9 and in subchapter about metabolism of water and minerals. Here we will mention only the role of the kidneys in calcitriol metabolism.

Renin

Renin is part of the renin – angiotensin – aldosterone system (RAAS) . This system is discussed in detail in Chapter 11 and in subchapter about metabolism of water and minerals. We will only provide a basic overview here.

In the case of insufficient blood flow to the kidneys (e.g., decrease in blood volume) cells of the renaljuxtaglomerular apparatus begin the synthesis of protein renin. Renin is an enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of plasmatic angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted by angiotensin converting enzyme to angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone synthesis and causes vasoconstriction