Question

State the observations in a particle experiment which led Rutherford to make the following conclusions
a.Most of the space in an atom is empty.
b.whole mass of an atom is concentrated in it's center.
c.center is positively charged.

Answer 1

he observed that most of the rays were passed straight hence atom has a empty space
he saw most of the rays ( negative) to be deflected right from centre therefore proving that centre is positively charged
whole mass is concentrated at centre and there is a positively charged mass called nucleus and alpha particles got deflected form that so it proves that nucleus contains positive charge

Answer 2

most of the space in an atom is empty = the size and mass of the nucleus and electron was measured and the observation showed that there was a huge difference.

whole mass of an atom is concentrated in its center =that is not right. most of the mass is concentrated at the center. observation after comparing the mass of nucleus and electrons showed that.

center is positively charged, = the nucleus of atoms contained protons (positively charged particle) and neutrons (neutral) which showed that center of an atom is positively charged