Question

state the power and function of president​

Answer 1

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. Executive Power: The President of India is the head of the executive of the Union Government. Therefore, all executive powers are vested in the hands of the President. He can exercise these powers either directly or through the subordinate officers.

Military powers. The president is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The president can declare war or conclude peace, on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. All important treaties and contracts are made in the President's name.

Financial powers. A money bill can be introduced in the parliament only with the President's recommendation. The president lays the Annual Financial Statement, i.e. the Union budget, before theparliament. The president can take advances out of the Contingency Fund ofIndia to meet unforeseen expenses.

The President of India can declare three type of emergency in our country,they are

National Emergency

State emergency

Financial emergency

National Emergency

Under article 352 of Indian constitution President can declare national Emergency on the grounds of a war , external agression or an armed rebellion.He can do so only on written request of the council of minister. There is no maximum time period of such emergency it is declared for six months and can be continued by parliament approval.

State Emergency

Under article 356 of Indian constitution President can declare state emergency if he is not satisfied with the report of the governor of the concerned state and governance in the state could not be carried out according to the provision of the constitution . It is imposed for six months and can be maximum for three years with repeated approval by the parliament . Maximum time period can further be increased to one year after three years in case of national Emergency.

Financial Emergency

Under article 360 of the Indian constitution President can proclaim financial emergency if financial stability of the India or any part of it is threatened.There is no maximum time period of it and can be revoked only by the President .

The Constitution explicitly assigned the president the power to sign or veto legislation, command the armed forces, ask for the written opinion of their Cabinet, convene or adjourn Congress, grant reprieves and pardons, and receive ambassadors.


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Answer 2

Powers and functiona of the President-

1. Executive powers-
The President invites the leader of the majority party to form the government.He/She also appoints the member of the Council of Ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.
The Preaident is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and appoints the three chiefs of Army, Navy and Air Force.
The President as the head of the state can declare war or sign treaties with other countries.

2.Lagislature Powers-
The President summons and prorogues the session of the Parliament and addresses the first session of parliament every year.
No Bill can become a law without the President's signature.
When the Praliament is not in session he/she can issue Ordinances.

3.Financial Powers-
The President causes the annual budget and the supplementary budget to be laid down before the Parliament.

4.Judicial Powers-
The President can reduce or commute a death sentence to life imprisonment after recieving a petition for mercy.

5.Emergency Powers-
On the advice of the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers the President can declare a state of emergency.

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