state the precaution s to be considered while making use of secondary data
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1. SECONDARY DATA AND PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE USING SECONDARY DATA By- Prem Deshmane
2. SECONDARY DATA • Secondary data are those that have already been collected by others. • These are usually in journals, periodicals, dailies, research publications, official records etc. • Secondary data may be available in the published or unpublished form. When it is not possible to collect the data by primary method, the investigator go for Secondary method. • This Data collected for some purpose other than the problem at hand.
3. METHOD OF COLLECTING SECONDARY DATA 1. Published Sources a) International Publication UNO publishes a number of journals and periodicals which are best sources of secondary data for national as well as international facts. b) Government Publications The Govt. of India as well as other state Govt. publish data for their use as well as for the use of researcher and others. These data are very much accurate and reliable for various types of investigations.
4. c) Publication Municipal corporations, boards, etc. publish data pertaining to birth rate, death rate, literacy, etc. These can be effectively put to use by investigators. d) Commercials Research, Educational Institute, Unions, Organizations etc. These institutions also conduct enquiry and publish their reports through which data can be had for use of investigators enquiring on the related subjects.
5. • 2. Unpublished Sources In some of the cases, enquiry are conducted, data are classified and analysed but due to some reasons or other findings are published though they are preserved either by the individual or a society. They can also be used by the investigators as Secondary Data.
6. Examples of Secondary data • Encyclopaedias • Chronologies • Biographies • Monographs (a specialized book or article) • Most journal articles (unless written at the time of the event • Abstracts of articles • Paraphrased quotations
7. Difference between Primary and Secondary Data PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA Real time data Past data Sure about sources of data Not sure about sources of data Help to give results/finding Refining the problem Costly and Time consuming process Cheap and No time consuming process Avoid biasness of response data Can not know if data biasness or not More flexible Less Flexible
8. PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE USING SECONDARY DATA 1. Suitable Purpose of Investigation: • The investigator must ensure that the data are suitable for the purpose of enquiry. 2. Inadequate Data: • Adequacy of the data is to be judged in the light of the requirements of the survey as well as the geographical area covered by the available data.
9. 3. Definition of Units: • The investigator must ensure that the definitions of units which are used by him are the same as in the earlier investigation. 4. Degree of Accuracy: • The investigator should keep in mind the degree accuracy maintained by each investigator.
10. 5. Time and Condition of Collection of Facts: • It should be ascertained before making use of available data to which period and conditions, the data was collected. 6. Comparison: • Investigator should keep in mind whether the secondary data' reasonable, consistent and comparable.
11. 7. Test Checking: • The use of the secondary data must do test checking and see that totals and rates have been correctly calculated. 8. Homogeneous Conditions: • It is not safe to take published statistics at their face value without knowing their means, values and limitations.
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