Question

State the principal on which the cleansing action of soap is based

Answer 1

Answer:

Soaps are molecules which have a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head. The hydrophilic end of the soap is attracted to water, whereas the hydrophobic end repels water.

When the soap is dissolved in water, the hydrophobic tails shift away from the water molecules and cluster together, thereby exposing the hydrophilic heads towards the water and forming micelles. These micelles are suspended in water and form colloidal particles.

In the case of dirty clothes, the dirt (which is made of grease and oil) is not easily soluble in water. When soap is added to the water and it comes into contact with the dirty clothes, the hydrophobic tails of the micelles are exposed and they attach themselves to the dirt molecules. These dirt molecules are then entrapped within the micelles and removed from the clothes after rinsing.  

Thus, soap helps in removing the dirt on the clothes.

Answer 2

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