Question

State the principle of machine that can built up high voltage of the order of a few million volts Also explain the construction and working of this machine.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Van de Graff generator is the device used for building up high voltages of the order of a few million volts. Such high voltages are used to accelerate charged particles such as electrons, protons, ions, etc

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Van-de-aGradd generator :

A van de Graff generator is a device which used for building up high voltage of the order of a few million volts . these large electric fields are used to accelerate charged particles like electrons , proton and ions to high energy .

Principles :

it is based on the following two Electrostatic phenomena .

(1) Pointed ends cannot retain charge due to high charge density

(2) If an electric charge is given to spherical conductor , it gets distributed over its outer surface .

Construction :

S is a large spherical conducting shell of radius of few metres . this is supported to a suitable height over the insulating columns C1 and C2 . A long narrow belt of insulating material like silk or rubber is wounded around two pulleys P1 and P2 the pulleys P1 and P2 is kept moving continuously over the pulleys with the help of motor. B1 and B2 are two sharply Pointed metal brushes (or combs) fixed as shown B1 is called spray brush (or comb)

Working :

As the belt moves and reaches the sphere , the collecting brush B2 collects the positive charge , which spreads on the outer surface of sphere S .

Let the charge Q be placed on a large spherical conducting shell A of radius R . then the potential Inside the charged conducting Shell A will be

V1 = KQ/R

suppose that a small conducting sphere B having radius R and charge q placed at the centre of large sphere will be

V2 = Kq/r

potential due to small sphere at large shell I'd radius R will be

V3 = kq/E

thus total potential V at the surface of Shell A is

V(R) = V1 + V3 = k(Q/R + q/R)

Hence, the potential difference between large and small sphere is

V = V(r) - V(R)

V = K(Q/R + q/r) - K(Q/R + q/R)

= K (q/r - q/R ) = kq(1/r-1/R)

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