State the reasons for the growth of urban centres during the mughal rule
Answers
medieval town had miscellaneous population, including many lesser nobles and a large class of clerks for running government office, shopkeepers, artisans, beggars, etc. The posts of clerks and lower government officials had, obviously, to be given to the people who could read and write.
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Since the work of teaching was largely in the hands of the Muslim theologians (ulama), the ulama and the lower officials tended to think and behave alike. Most of the historians were drawn from this section and their writings reflect the opinions and prejudices of this-section. Beggars, who generally wore arms like the ordinary citizens, formed a large mass and could sometimes create a problem of law and order.
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Another large section in the town consisted of slaves and domestic servants. Slavery had existed in India as well as in West Asia and Europe for a long time. The position of different types of Slaves — one born in the household, one purchased, one acquired and one inherited is discussed in the Hindu Shastras.
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Slavery had been adopted by the Arabs and, later, by the Turks also. The most usual method of acquiring a slave was capture in war. Even the Mahabharata considered it normal to enslave a prisoner of war. The Turks practiced this on a large scale in their wars, in and outside India. Slave markets of men and women existed in West Asia as well as in India. The Turkish, Causasian, Greek and Indian slaves were valued and were sought after.
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