Question

state the role of microorganisms in each of the following
@ food
​

Answer 1

microorganism plays an important role in food industries the microorganism that cause food spoilage and also find the maximum exploitation in production of food and food products are mainly bacteria molds and yeast

Answer 2

Microorganisms

Microorganisms play an important role in food industry.of Microbiology in Food Industry, they are used in production of various food products, and are also responsible for food spoilage thereby causing intoxication and diseases.

Microbial contamination of food products takes places usually on the way from the field to the processing plant, or during processing, storage, transport and distribution or before consumption. The microorganisms that cause food spoilage and also find the maximum exploitation in production of food and food products are mainly bacteria, molds and yeasts.

ẞacteria

Bacteria are the largest group of unicellular microorganisms. The shapes of medically important bacteria are classified into-cocci, or spherical cells; bacilli, or cylindrical or rod shaped cells; and spiral or curved forms. The pathogenic or disease causing bacteria are usually gram negative, however, three gram-positive rods are known to cause food intoxications : Clostridium botulinum,C. perfringens,and Bacillus cereus

Some of the other most common bacteria causing food spoilage, infections and disease are Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Escherichia, Proteus, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Arcobacter, Salmonella, Lactococcus, Serratia, Campylobacter, Shigella, Citrobacter, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Vibrio Enterobacter, Paenibacillus, Weissella, Enterococcus, Yersinia

Different strains of bacteria are also used in production of various food and dairy products. Strains of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium, Erwiniaetc. are used in the production of fermented food and dairy products. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillusbulgaricus are used to produce yogurt.

Molds

Molds are multicellular filamentous fungi whose growth on foods is usually readily recognized by their fuzzy or cottony appearance. They are mainly responsible for food spoilage at room temperature 25- 30oC and low pH, and have minimum moisture requirement. Molds can rapidly grow on grains and corns when these products are stored under moist conditions. Molds require free oxygen for growth and hence grow on the surface of contaminated food.

Molds also find their use in manufacturing of different foods and food products. They are used in ripening of various types of food products as cheese (e.g. Roquefort,Camembert). Molds are also grown as feed and food and are employed to produce ingredients such as enzymes like amylase used in making bread or citric acid used in soft drinks. Molds are major contributors in the ripening of many oriental foods. A species of Bothrytiscinerea, is used in rotting of grape for production of wine. Lactic fermentations using molds results in a unique Finnish fermented milk called viili.