Question

State the type of bond,formed when the combining atoms have: 1- zero E.N. difference (2)- Small E.N. difference (3)-Large E.N. difference

Answer 1

0.0 to 0.2 non polar covalent
0.3 to 1.4 polar covalent
> 1.5 ionic

Answer 2

1. Bond formation in an atom with Zero Electronegativity difference.

• When the electronegativity difference between two atoms lies between 0 - 0.4 it leads to the formation of a non-polar covalent bond.
• For example, when two atoms of chlorine combine it leads to the formation of chlorine molecules.
• As the electronegativity of each chlorine atom is 3.2, the difference between the electronegativity of two chlorine atom is 3.2 - 3.2 = 0.
• Thus two chlorine atoms are bonded together by non- polar covalent bond.

2.  Bond formation in an atom with small Electronegativity difference.

• When the electronegativity difference between two atoms lies between 0.5 - 1.7 it leads to the formation of a polar covalent bond.
• For example, a molecule of hydrogen chloride is composed of one atom of hydrogen and one chlorine atom.
• The electronegativity value of hydrogen and chlorine is 2.2 and 3.2 respectively.
• The electronegativity difference between atoms is 3.2-2.2 = 1.
• As the electronegativity value is 1, which is small the two atoms are bonded together by a polar covalent bond.

3. Bond formation in an atom with large Electronegativity difference.

• When the electronegativity difference between two atoms lies above 1.8 it leads to the formation of the ionic bond.
• In the case of sodium chloride which is composed of a sodium atom and a chlorine atom, the electronegativity values are 0.9 and 3.2 respectively.
• When the difference is calculated, it gives 2.3 which is large.
• This the bond in sodium chloride is inferred to be ionic in nature

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