Question

State the types of hybrid orbitals associated with:
(i) P in $PCl_{5}$
(ii) S in $SF_{6}$

Answer 1

"Hybridization:

Intermixing of "atomic orbitals"of "slightly" different energy and shape and "redistribution" of their "energies" to form "new orbitals" of "identical shape" and "equivalent energies".

Hybridization in $PC{ l }_{ 5 }$

Atomic number of P: 15

$Electronic\quad configuration\quad :\quad { 1s }^{ 2 }{ 2s }^{ 2 }{ 2p }^{ 6 }{ 2s }^{ 2 }{ 2p }^{ 3 }$

One 's', three 'p', and one 'd' orbitals of same shell participates to give $s{ p }^{ 3 }d$ hybrid orbitals with trigonal bipyrmidal shape with bond angles ${ 90 }^{ o }$ and ${ 120 }^{ o }$

(ii) Hybridization in $SF_{ 6 }$

Atomic number of S: 16

$Electronic\quad configuration\quad :\quad { 1s }^{ 2 }{ 2s }^{ 2 }{ 2p }^{ 6 }{ 2s }^{ 2 }{ 2p }^{ 4 }$

One 's', three 'p', and two 'd' orbitals of same shell participates to give $s{ p }^{ 3 }{ d }^{ 2 }$ hybrid orbitals with octahedral shape with bond angles."