Question

state two features of the maize seed that enable it to undergo dormancy and describe how each features helps the seed to survive.

Answer 1

Answer:

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Seed dormancy is an evolutionary adaptation that prevents seeds from germinating during unsuitable ecological conditions that would typically lead to a low probability of seedling survival.[1] Dormant seeds do not germinate in a specified period of time under a combination of environmental factors that are normally conducive to the germination of non-dormant seeds.[2]

An important function of seed dormancy is delayed germination, which allows dispersal and prevents simultaneous germination of all seeds. The staggering of germination safeguards some seeds and seedlings from suffering damage or death from short periods of bad weather or from transient herbivores; it also allows some seeds to germinate when competition from other plants for light and water might be less intense. Another form of delayed seed germination is seed quiescence, which is different from true seed dormancy and occurs when a seed fails to germinate because the external environmental conditions are too dry or warm or cold for germination.[3]

Many species of plants have seeds that delay germination for many months or years, and some seeds can remain in the soil seed bank for more than 50 years before germination. Some seeds have a very long viability period, and the oldest documented germinating seed came from a study done from tissue buried in Siberian permafrost. Seeds of Silene stenophylla, was estimated to be 31,800 years old and researchers regenerated the plant successfully.[4]

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Two features that enable the maize seed to undergo dormancy is that it secretes abscisic acid (ABA) and have an impermeable layer that prevent seed germination.

• Abscisic acid (ABA) is the only hormone that is produced by the maize seeds which is known to produce and preserve the dormancy of the seed.
• The seeds are prevented from taking up of the gases or water due to the impermeable layer of the maize seed. The seed is thus prevented from germination as an outcome until the state of dormancy is broken.
• Dormancy of seed plays a significant part in the survival of several species of plant by distributing germination over space and time. The procedure of domestication with selection for consistent and immediate germination which ultimately result in less-dormant and non-dormant genotypes.
• Delayed germination is one of the significant role played by the seed dormancy which enables dispersal and
• An important function of seed dormancy is delayed and prevents germination of all the seeds coincidentally.

Hence, impermeable layer and Abscisic acid (ABA) are the two features of the seed which enables dormancy and thus help in preventing germination of all the seeds.